ABSTRACT
A stroke or CVA is defined by the abrupt onset of a neurologic deficit that is attributable to a focal vascular cause. Important modifiable risk factors include diabetes, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake, sedentary life style, dyslipidemia, heart disease and OCP intake in females and non-modifiable risk factors include old age, gender predisposition and family history. The aim of study is to determine the types of stroke and presenting clinical features and modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with development of stroke. Methods: The present study is a prospective observational study conducted in Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College over a period of one year i.e January 2017 to January 2018.Total 110 cases presenting with stroke were included in the study. Results: The study shows that ischemic stroke is commoner than hemorrhagic stroke.The risk of stroke increases with age and common in males.Diabetes mellitus was seen in 29.1% cases presenting with stroke, 39.1% cases had hypertension.43.6% and 22.7 were smokers and alcoholic respectively. Dyslipidemia was present in 37.3% cases.15.4% cases had history of heart disease.17.2% cases had previous history of stroke. Conclusion: The modifiable risk factors pose a huge burden by increasing the morbidity and mortality due to stroke. Proper control of these risk factors can reduce the burden of disease.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hip fractures in older patients are associated with impaired mobility, excess morbidity and mortality, and loss of independence. Objectives: To determine whether total hip arthroplasty is associated with lower reoperation rates, mortality, and complications, and better function and quality of life than hemiarthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck in older patients. Materials and methods: We prospectively as well as retrospectively studied 46 patients treated with total hip replacement or hemiarthroplasty. Pain, range of motion, hip function, haris hip score and complications were assessed clinically while hip stability, femoral anteversion, acetabular cup inclination and acetabular erosions were assessed radiographically. Results: In our study according to Harris hip score, group A (hemiarthroplasty group) showed 58.33% excellent to good result whereas 33.34% shows fair to poor result. In group B (total hip replacement group) 90.91% showed excellent to good result and 9.08% showed fair to poor result. In this study, the overall Harris hip score was 76.33 with SD±19.091 in hemiarthroplasty group and 86.45 with SD±6.363 in Total hip replacement group with p-value 0.0224(<0.05). Nitin Kumar Singh, Himanshu Jain, Sonal Garg, Sachin Yadav. Primary total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced neck femur fractures in older patients. IAIM, 2017; 4(10): 209-215. Page 210 Conclusion: So we concluded in our one year of study that total hip replacement had better functional outcome in fracture neck of femur in elderly treated by either hemiarthroplasty or total hip replacement and total hip replacement is less painful than hemiarthroplasty.
ABSTRACT
Background: Ever since HIV was first identified in India among sex workers in Chennai during 1986, HIV infections have been reported in all states and territories. The knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers (HCWs) in relation to HIV infection is an important factor influencing the willingness and ability of people with HIV to access care, and the quality of the care they receive. Aims & Objective: To assess HIV-related knowledge and risk perception among a group of north Indian health care workers (HCW), and to identify predictors of willingness to provide care for patients with HIV infection. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 450 HCWs from tertiary health care centre was undertaken in March 2011. The information was collected on a semi structured, self-administered questionnaire. Information was gathered regarding demographic details, HIV-related knowledge, risk perception and previous experience caring for HIV-positive patients. Results: Most (95.7%) were aware of the routes of transmission. 4.1% HCWs wished that they should be allowed to refuse to care for people with HIV/AIDS. HCWs willingness to provide care for patients with HIV was strongly associated with having previously cared for patients with HIV (P = 0.001). Knowledge of HIV transmission and perception of risk were not associated with willingness to provide care (p<0.05). Conclusion: The knowledge of HCW was satisfactory. But periodic updates are required to enhance the knowledge of HCW. These include the development of programmes to promote occupational safety of HCWs and involving people with HIV in awareness training of HCWs.